What is neuroglia and its function?

The neuroglia are a diverse class of cells that provide developmental, physiological, and metabolic support for neurons. They are responsible for maintaining homeostatic control and immune surveillance in the nervous system.

What do oligodendrocytes do?

Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS). They are the end product of a cell lineage which has to undergo a complex and precisely timed program of proliferation, migration, differentiation, and myelination to finally produce the insulating sheath of axons.

What is the function of the astrocytes?

Astrocytes not only regulate blood flow, but also transfer mitochondria to neurons, and supply the building blocks of neurotransmitters, which fuel neuronal metabolism [2,11,57]. In addition, astrocytes can phagocytose synapses, alter neurotrophin secretion, and clear debris [14,58].

Where is neuroglia found?

Glial cells, also called glial cells or neuroglia, are cell which are non-neuronal and are located within the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system that provides physical and metabolic support to neurons, including neuronal insulation and communication, and nutrient and waste transport.

What are the five functions of the neuroglia?

The formation of the blood-brain barrier. Provision of nutrients for neurons. Structural support for nerve cells. Release and absorption of ions and neurotransmitters for improved modulation of cell-to-cell communication between neurons.

What happens if oligodendrocytes are damaged?

Thus, neurotransmitter receptors play an important role in the normal life of oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, if oligodendrocytes become damaged and the myelin sheath is destroyed, the action potential is reduced in velocity or ceases altogether, leading to physical or mental disability.

What happens if you don’t have oligodendrocytes?

In MS, the body’s own immune system thinks the oligodendrocytes are infections and attacks them and their myelin. This means the nerve cells are exposed to damage, and the messages can’t get through as efficiently, or may not get through at all. This is what causes the symptoms in MS.

What are 3 types of glial cells?

There are three types of glial cells in the mature central nervous system: astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglial cells (Figure 1.4A—C). Astrocytes, which are restricted to the brain and spinal cord, have elaborate local processes that give these cells a starlike appearance (hence the prefix “astro”).

What are the six types of glial cells?

There are six types of neuroglia, each with different functions:

• Astrocyte.
• Oligodendrocyte.
• Microglia.
• Ependymal cell.
• Satellite cell.
• Schwann cell.

What are the 5 types of neuroglial cells?

Terms in this set (5)

• ependymal cells. move cerebrous spinal fluid around to keep it homogenous.
• astrocytes. form the blood brain barrier.
• microglia. they do phagocytosis to fight infection.
• oligodendrocytes. bind the CNS neurons together and insulate the axons.
• schwann cells. insulate PNS axons.

What is the meaning of Neuroglial?

Listen to pronunciation. (noor-OH-glee-uh) Any of the cells that hold nerve cells in place and help them work the way they should. The types of neuroglia include oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells.

How do you keep oligodendrocytes healthy?

Exercise training protects against loss of OPCs or mature oligodendrocytes induced by a high-fat diet. The SHF group had 30 to 50 percent fewer OPCs. While exercise alone didn’t affect the OPC or oligodendrocyte numbers, mice in the EHF group did not experience OPC loss.